Women-specific Agro-based MSMEs and the socioeconomic well-being of women in North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Women-specific agro-based MSMEs are an important but under-examined channel of socio-economic advancement for women in Nigeria. This study investigates their contribution to women’s socio-economic well-being in North Central Nigeria, mapping enterprise types along the food value chain, assessing well-being outcomes, identifying constraints in food packaging and distribution, and evaluating government support programmes. The study used a descriptive survey design combining structured questionnaires with focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The sample of 1,111 women was drawn from three states, Benue, Nasarawa, and FCT Abuja, using cluster and proportionate sampling. Taro’s (1967) formula guided the determination of sample size. Data were analysed at the univariate level using frequency tables, means, and standard deviations, and at the multivariate level (linear regression models). Women’s Empowerment Theory and Intersectionality Theory provided the analytical framework. The study finds that nearly 80% of respondents owned or operated MSMEs, and over half reported improvements in well-being across multiple dimensions. The ANOVA model was statistically significant (F = 239.147, p < .001, R² = .699), with food packaging, processing, food distribution, fertiliser sales, and pesticide and herbicide sales each showing significant positive effects on well-being. Food production and livestock feed sales were not significant; as a result, the qualitative data attribute it to insecurity and funding constraints in those segments. The study recommends targeted credit schemes with accessible eligibility criteria, infrastructure investment in electricity and storage, and security interventions in farming communities as prerequisites for more equitable gains across the value chain.