The FULafia Journal of Sociological Studies is a quarterly interdisciplinary journal domiciled in the Department of Sociology, Federal University of Lafia. It is a peer review journal set to provide academics and researchers the avenue to publish latest research findings in their chosen fields of studies. The Journal invites papers from the Social Sciences, Arts, Humanities, and other academic fields whose research findings are original contributions to knowledge and are meant to impact positively on the society. ISSN: 3141-1797 (Online), 2630-7189 (Print)
Department of Sociology, Federal University of Lafia
Deviant Behaviour And Criminality Among Youth In Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Deviant behaviour and criminality among youth constitute a persistent social problem with serious implications for community security and sustainable development in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to examine how substance abuse, engagement in gambling, and cultism contribute to criminality among youth in Lafia. The study was anchored on routine activity theory, which explained youth criminality as a product of unstructured routines, motivated offenders, suitable targets, and weak guardianship within everyday social environments. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected from 372 valid questionnaire responses and 18 in depth interviews selected through multistage sampling across six wards in Lafia. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that substance abuse is widespread and strongly associated with theft, violent behaviour, gang involvement, and cultism among youths. Gambling was found to be highly prevalent and linked to internet fraud, robbery, and other illegal income generating activities driven by financial losses and addiction. Cultism emerged as a major facilitator of serious criminality, insecurity, weapon proliferation, and political violence. The study concluded that youth criminality in Lafia is driven by interconnected behavioural and structural risk factors that reinforce one another within weakly regulated social settings. It recommended strengthened drug prevention and rehabilitation programmes, stricter regulation of gambling activities, and intelligence led security interventions to dismantle cult networks, alongside sustained community and institutional guardianship to reduce opportunities for youth crime.
Health Literacy And The Use Of Contraceptives Among Women In Tudun Kauri Community Of Lafia Local Government Area Of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Contraceptive use remains suboptimal in many rural Nigerian communities, largely due to limited health literacy that constrains women’s ability to make informed reproductive health decisions. This study examined the influence of health literacy on contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Tudun Kauri Community of Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Theory: The study was anchored on the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour, which jointly explain how knowledge, perceptions, social norms, and perceived control shape contraceptive behaviour. A descriptive survey design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 368 women aged 15 to 49 years using structured questionnaires, complemented by interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that although many women had some access to contraceptive information and interacted with health providers, substantial gaps existed in their ability to independently read and fully understand health information, instructions, and side effects. Low formal education, inadequate locally adapted materials, and poor comprehension of information in local languages limited effective and sustained contraceptive use. Women with higher health literacy demonstrated better decision making and continuity of use. Health literacy emerged as a significant determinant of contraceptive use, extending beyond access to information to include comprehension, cultural relevance, and effective communication. The study recommends strengthening adult and reproductive health literacy programmes, improving culturally appropriate and locally translated contraceptive materials, enhancing provider communication skills, and engaging community and religious leaders to support informed family planning practices in rural settings.
Religious Polarisation and Peaceful Coexistence in Taraba South Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria
This study examines the impact of religious polarisation on peaceful coexistence within the Taraba South Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. Set against the backdrop of Nigeria’s complex religious pluralism, characterised by the intersection of Christianity, Islam, and indigenous belief systems. The research is theoretically anchored in Social Identity Theory. Methodologically, the study adopted a survey research design, utilising a questionnaire for data collection. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, while multi-stage cluster and simple random sampling techniques were employed to ensure representative data.Statistical analysis was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that religious polarisation exerts a statistically significant negative effect on peaceful coexistence. Specifically, polarisation facilitates the domination and marginalisation of minority groups by the majority, fostering an environment of systemic suspicion and mutual distrust rooted in social exclusion and perceived injustice. Consequently, the study concludes that religious polarisation fundamentally undermines social harmony, often precipitating conflicts that further entrench sectarian divides. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends that religious institutions institutionalise interfaith dialogue and collaborative community projects to foster mutual understanding. Furthermore, it is imperative for the government to empower moderate voices and for religious leaders to actively repudiate extremist ideologies in favour of an inclusive and respectful public discourse.
Assessessment Of The Human Rights And Social Inclusion Of Students With Disabilities In University Of Jos, Nigeria
This study investigated the human rights and social inclusion of students with disabilities at the University of Jos and how factors such as inadequate infrastructures, poor policy implementation, and negative attitudes, further exacerbated by a lack of tailored support services at the University of Jos, Nigeria, hinder the rights and inclusion of students with disabilities hence, affecting their educational and economic outcomes. Grounded in the social model of disability, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD), Nigeria’s Disability Rights Act (2018), and inclusive education policies, the research used a cross-sectional survey design, surveying 112 students with disabilities in the Department of Special Education via open- and closed-ended questionnaires. Findings revealed that, although institutional frameworks for inclusive education exist within the university, implementation remains inadequate. Major challenges identified include inaccessible infrastructure, insufficient specialized teaching staff, attitudinal barriers, and weak enforcement of inclusive education policies. These gaps limit the full participation of students with disabilities in academic and social life. The study concludes that human rights protection and social inclusion are vital strategies for alleviating poverty among students with disabilities, hence, those who experienced stronger institutional support and greater inclusion reported improved academic performance and reduced financial hardship. Based on these findings, the study recommends comprehensive reforms, including attitudinal change, strengthened policy implementation, increased funding for disability services, continuous sensitization of the university community, and systematic monitoring and evaluation of students’ experiences. These measures are essential for creating a more inclusive, equitable, and empowering university environment that enables students with disabilities to thrive academically and economically.
Women-specific Agro-based MSMEs and the socioeconomic well-being of women in North Central Nigeria
Women-specific agro-based MSMEs are an important but under-examined channel of socio-economic advancement for women in Nigeria. This study investigates their contribution to women’s socio-economic well-being in North Central Nigeria, mapping enterprise types along the food value chain, assessing well-being outcomes, identifying constraints in food packaging and distribution, and evaluating government support programmes. The study used a descriptive survey design combining structured questionnaires with focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The sample of 1,111 women was drawn from three states, Benue, Nasarawa, and FCT Abuja, using cluster and proportionate sampling. Taro’s (1967) formula guided the determination of sample size. Data were analysed at the univariate level using frequency tables, means, and standard deviations, and at the multivariate level (linear regression models). Women’s Empowerment Theory and Intersectionality Theory provided the analytical framework. The study finds that nearly 80% of respondents owned or operated MSMEs, and over half reported improvements in well-being across multiple dimensions. The ANOVA model was statistically significant (F = 239.147, p < .001, R² = .699), with food packaging, processing, food distribution, fertiliser sales, and pesticide and herbicide sales each showing significant positive effects on well-being. Food production and livestock feed sales were not significant; as a result, the qualitative data attribute it to insecurity and funding constraints in those segments. The study recommends targeted credit schemes with accessible eligibility criteria, infrastructure investment in electricity and storage, and security interventions in farming communities as prerequisites for more equitable gains across the value chain.
Foreign Election Observers And The 2019 Presidential Election In Nigeria
This paper examines the role of foreign election observers in the 2019 Nigerian presidential election with particular focus on the International Republican Institute (IRI) and the National Democratic Institute (NDI), two of the most prominent international observation missions deployed to Nigeria during that electoral cycle that was characterized by significant logistical challenges, security concerns, allegations of irregularities among other notable in-competencies that raised fundamental questions about the credibility of Nigeria’s democratic process. The paper adopts purposive sampling technique and used International Norm theory as its theoretical framework, using the tools of primary and secondary sources of data collection. The paper established that foreign observer groups have not made great impact on the conduct of the said elections in Nigeria because of the attitude of the key political actors in Nigeria, lack of implementation of certain recommendations arising from observations. It was also noted that lack of transparency, hostile environment, vote buying, intimidation, inefficiency of the electoral institution undermined the desired credibility of the election. These among other factors made it visibly impossible for the election to meet the desired credibility process. The paper recommend that, the entire electoral process in Nigeria should be revisited to increase the confidence of voters in the nation’s journey to democracy
Knowledge And Utilization Of Modern Family Planning Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Nasarawa Southern Senatorial Zone
Access to accurate and contextually appropriate information on modern family planning (FP) remains a critical determinant of reproductive decision-making among women of reproductive age. This study examined the extent to which awareness influences the utilisation of modern family planning methods among women aged 15-49 years in the Nasarawa Southern Senatorial Zone, Nigeria. A mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from key informant interviews to ensure triangulation and contextual depth. A total of 1,067 respondents were selected through a multistage sampling procedure covering all five Local Government Areas in the zone. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews with relevant reproductive health stakeholders. Findings indicate that awareness of modern family planning methods in the study area is moderate, with 46.6% of respondents demonstrating adequate awareness. Although approximately fifteen modern contraceptive options exist, respondents were familiar with only eight key methods, including emergency contraceptive pills, combined oral contraceptives, vaginal rings, injectables, implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), lactational amenorrhoea method and female sterilisation. Statistical analysis confirms that awareness significantly influences utilisation across most contraceptive methods, indicating that awareness-knowledge is a significant predictor of use, though its effect is method-dependent. Despite this relationship, utilisation remains concentrated in only two methods, injectables and implants, suggesting that awareness does not translate uniformly into diversified contraceptive practice. The study concludes that while awareness exerts a statistically significant influence on utilisation, it is not independently sufficient to ensure comprehensive or optimal use of modern family planning methods. Structural, cultural and service delivery barriers continue to mediate the awareness-behaviour pathway, limiting method choice and uptake. The study recommends strengthened and culturally responsive health communication strategies across healthcare facilities, community platforms and mass media, with emphasis on local language delivery, community theatre and participatory outreach approaches. Improved provider-client counselling and expanded access to a wider range of contraceptive options are essential to reducing unmet family planning needs and enhancing informed reproductive autonomy.
Adherence Counselling and Uptake/Retention to Prep Among Key Population in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Though Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is clinically effective, failure to optimally adhere to the regimen is a major obstacle to protective results. This study examined the effect of adherence counselling on PrEP uptake and retention among key populations in Lafia Local Government Area. The study was anchored on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 357 respondents, comprising female sex workers,gay who have sex with men and people who inject drugs, were surveyed, complemented by 6 in-depth interviews with key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 26. The findings revealed an R of .362 and R² of .131, indicating that counselling-related variables explain 13.1% of the variance in PrEP adherence behavior (F = 11.528; p < .000). Specifically, addressing clients’ concerns during sessions (B = 0.273, p = .000) and accessibility of counselling (B = –0.131, p = .003) were significant predictors of retention. Descriptive results showed that 78.7% of respondents always take PrEP as prescribed. The Qualitative result shows that phone alarms, peer follow-ups and emotional reassurance effectively bridge the gap between initial uptake and long-term retention. The study concludes that structured counselling is a fundamental driver of PrEP success, suggesting that biomedical delivery must be supported by a client-centered psychosocial framework. The Recommendations include prioritizing side-effect management in sessions, improving service accessibility through flexible outreach, and formalizing personalized risk assessment tools to enhance self-perceived vulnerability and preventive commitment.
Diffusion Of Innovations In Nigerian Workplaces: A Socio-Cultural Examination Of Adoption And Resistance
This study evaluates the applicability of Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory in Nigerian workplaces by examining how socio-cultural dynamics reshape classical predictors of technology adoption. Drawing on a mixed-methods design—combining quantitative analysis of over 100 organizational adoption records (2018–2023) with qualitative case-study interviews and secondary data from NBS, GSMA, and CBN—the research reveals that cultural legitimacy factors, such as hierarchical authority, trust networks, and kinship-based validation, play a role in organizational adoption and exert a stronger influence on adoption outcomes than core DOI attributes. Regression analysis shows that while perceived relative advantage remains the strongest DOI predictor (β = 0.48), cultural fit and legitimacy mechanisms collectively exert comparable or greater influence on actual adoption behaviour, particularly in public-sector and SME contexts. Case studies of mobile money diffusion and resistance to e-governance systems illustrate how informal trust structures, “Oga” authority dynamics, and hybrid paper-digital practices shape technology uptake. Overall, the findings suggest that adoption in Nigeria is driven less by the intrinsic value of innovations and more by their alignment with cultural norms and workplace power structures. The study proposes a culturally adaptive DOI model that integrates cultural legitimacy as a sixth diffusion dimension. For policymakers and managers, the study recommends designing digital interventions that explicitly embed local authority structures, trust-building mechanisms, and phased hybrid workflows to achieve sustainable adoption.
Belief Systems And Women’s Socio-Economic Well-Being In Bekwarra Local Government Area Of Cross River State, Nigeria
Women’s socio-economic empowerment is widely acknowledged as a critical driver of sustainable development, yet entrenched cultural norms continue to shape gender relations and access to resources in many African communities (United Nations Development Programme, 2020; World Bank, 2022). This study examined the influence of belief systems on women’s socio-economic well-being in Bekwarra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The objectives were to examine the effect of inheritance practices, widowhood practices, and burial rites on women’s socio-economic well-being. The study was anchored on African feminist theory, which explains how patriarchal cultural structures and communal belief systems shape women’s social and economic opportunities in African societies. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted. The study sampled 440 women aged eighteen years and above using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and fifteen in depth interviews, while analysis involved descriptive statistics and linear regression. Findings revealed that inheritance practices overwhelmingly favour male heirs and deny women access to land and property, thereby restricting economic independence. Widowhood practices were found to reinforce social isolation, property dispossession, and higher poverty levels among widows. Burial rites also imposed significant financial and labour burdens on women, limiting their participation in income generating activities. The study concluded that entrenched cultural belief systems significantly undermine women’s socio-economic well-being in Bekwarra. It recommended legal enforcement of women’s inheritance rights, community-based gender sensitization programmes, and collaboration between government, traditional institutions, and civil society to reform harmful cultural practices while preserving positive cultural values.
Trends and Differentials in the Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2018 and 2024 NDHS
Nigeria’s fertility transition remains slow despite sustained investments in family planning and reproductive health interventions. Adopting Bongaarts’ proximate determinants of fertility transition, which posits that socio-economic factors influence fertility only through a limited set of biological and behavioral factors, this paper examines trends and socio-economic influence on fertility using data from the 2018 and 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys dataset (NDHS). Adopting this framework, fertility is decomposed into four key indices: marriage (Cm), contraception (Cc), postpartum insusceptibility (Ci), and induced abortion (Ca). Findings from the NDHS show that the total fertility rate (TFR) declined modestly from 5.3 in 2018 to 4.8 in 2024, suggesting a gradual but uneven fertility transition. Substantial differences persist, with rural fertility (5.6) remaining markedly higher than urban fertility (3.9), and women with no education recorded a TFR of 6.3 compared to 3.0 among women with more than secondary education. In line with Bongaarts’ theoretical expectations, early and near-universal marriage remains the most significant exposure mechanism sustaining high fertility, with a national median age at first birth of 21.3 years (20.0 in rural areas). Postpartum insusceptibility continues to exert a significant fertility-inhibiting effect (median duration 11.9 months), particularly in northern regions. However, contraceptive use remains insufficient to produce substantial reductions in marital fertility, especially among rural, less educated, and poorer women. The induced abortion index appears to have minimal measurable impact, reflecting restrictive legal conditions and underreporting. The findings suggest that Nigeria’s fertility transition is structurally constrained by persistent early marriage and weak contraceptive uptake. Accelerating fertility decline will require multi-sectoral interventions that delay marriage, expand modern contraceptive access, and reduce entrenched regional and socio-economic inequalities to facilitate a more advanced stage of fertility transition. The study concludes that without substantial changes in these proximate determinants, particularly delayed marriage and increased contraceptive prevalence, fertility decline will remain slow. Accelerating Nigeria’s fertility transition requires integrated, multi-sectorial strategies that prioritize girl-child education, expand equitable access to modern contraceptive services, and strengthen community-based reproductive health interventions. Addressing persistent rural–urban and socio-economic inequalities is essential for accelerating the country’s fertility transition.
Herders’ Violence And Food Insecurity In Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Persistent conflicts between herders and farmers have intensified food insecurity in Nigeria’s Middle Belt, particularly in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, where repeated attacks on farmland, farming activities, and crops undermine agricultural production and livelihoods. The study examined the effects of herders’ attacks on farmland, farming activities, and crops on food insecurity in Lafia Local Government Area. The study was anchored in resource scarcity theory, which explains conflict as a product of competition over limited land and water resources intensified by environmental and demographic pressures. A descriptive survey design integrating quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted. Data were collected from 373 adult respondents using structured questionnaires and from 15 participants through in depth interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied alongside thematic content analysis. The results revealed that herders’ attacks significantly reduce agricultural productivity, disrupt planting and harvesting cycles, encourage farmland abandonment, and increase food prices. Crop destruction was found to directly reduce household food availability, farm yields, and dietary stability, leading to heightened hunger and reliance on external food sources. These effects cumulatively weaken local food systems and discourage agricultural investment. The study concludes that herders’ attacks constitute a major structural driver of food insecurity in Lafia Local Government Area, with both immediate and long term consequences for agricultural sustainability and household welfare. The study recommends the enforcement of clear land use planning, strengthened security and community based conflict resolution mechanisms, protection of farming areas, and integrated agricultural support policies to enhance food security and promote peaceful resource governance.
Marginalization And Socio-Economic Development Of Women In Bali Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
Women’s socio-economic development in Nigeria continues to be undermined by persistent educational, financial, and political marginalization, particularly in rural settings. In Taraba State, these constraints are deeply embedded in socio cultural norms and institutional practices, limiting women’s productive capacities and social mobility. This study examined the effects of educational, credit and financial, and political marginalization on the socio-economic development of women in Bali Local Government Area. The objectives were to assess how limited access to education, exclusion from financial systems, and political disenfranchisement shape socio-economic development of women. The study was anchored on liberal feminist theory, which explains women’s marginalization as a consequence of unequal access to opportunities and institutional barriers that restrict their full participation in public life. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Primary data were collected from 375 women through structured questionnaires, complemented by in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The findings revealed that educational marginalization significantly restricts women’s economic opportunities and social mobility. Financial exclusion limits entrepreneurship and participation in the formal economy. Also, political marginalization weakens women’s access to resources, policy influence, and essential social services. These forms of marginalization were found to be mutually reinforcing, sustaining cycles of poverty and dependency. The study concluded that women’s socio-economic development in Bali Local Government Area cannot be achieved without addressing these interconnected barriers. It recommended targeted investment in girls’ and adult women’s education, women focused financial inclusion initiatives, and deliberate policies to enhance women’s political representation and participation in decision making processes.
Democratic Governance And Primary Healthcare Funding In Central Senatorial District Of Cross River State, Nigeria
Healthcare services at the primary level are key to the health care provision of the Federal government in Nigeria, hence the thesis of this study dwells on democratic governance and primary health care service financing in Nigeria: A case of central senatorial district of Cross River State. The study explored the survey method to elicit information from respondents to address meet the objective of the study, while analysis was done using the five-point Liker scale with the aid of SPSS. Outcome indicated that, the Nigerian government provides adequate financing for primary health care services for the communities, however, poor management affects PHC service delivery and accountability. Based on this premise the following recommendations where arrived at; authorities in Nigeria should put mechanism in place that encourages fiscal discipline and sanctions for corrupt practices. This will mitigate the poor management of funds allocated to the Primary Health Care Service Delivery, not only in Cross Rive State Central Senatorial District but the country at large.
Intergenerational Support in Psychiatric and Medical Social Work in Lafia, Nasarawa State
Intergenerational support has emerged as a critical determinant of health and psychosocial outcomes, particularly within the domains of psychiatric and medical social work. In contexts such as Lafia, Nasarawa State, where cultural traditions emphasize family cohesion, the exchange of emotional, material, informational, and spiritual resources across generations plays a vital role in sustaining recovery, resilience, and wellbeing. This study examines the extent to which intergenerational support contributes to the rehabilitation and coping capacities of individuals facing psychiatric and medical challenges. Drawing on social support theory and resilience frameworks, the research employs a mixed-methods design combining surveys and in-depth interviews with patients, caregivers, and social work practitioners. The study investigates sub-variables of intergenerational support—including emotional, instrumental, informational, social, and spiritual dimensions—and their influence on treatment adherence, psychological adjustment, and holistic wellbeing. Preliminary findings suggest that intergenerational support not only enhances recovery trajectories but also buffers stress, reduces stigma, and strengthens resilience in vulnerable populations. The implications highlight the need for social work interventions that incorporate family-centered approaches, strengthen community-based support systems, and recognize intergenerational solidarity as a resource for improving psychosocial and health outcomes in medical and psychiatric care
Socio-Cultural Factors And Health Seeking Behaviour Of Women In Gboko Local Government Area Of Benue State
Health seeking behaviour of women is very important because women constitute half of the global population. In many parts of the world, especially among the developing societies, there are socio-cultural factors that affect the health seeking behaviour of women. The consequence of these factors on the use of health facilities among women is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study examined socio-cultural factors influencing health seeking behaviour among women in Benue State. The objectives were to assess traditional beliefs system, gender roles and norms, and socioeconomic status influencing health seeking behavior among women in Benue State. Anderson model was used to explain the phenomenon. The study identified several factors that have important influence health seeking behaviour on women utilization of health services in the study area.
Entrepreneurship And Employability Among Students Of Tertiary Institutions In Nigeria
Unemployment and underemployment has become a serious challenge to socio-economic well-being to human dignity in the society. This paper titled entrepreneurship and employability among students of tertiary institutions has identified types of entrepreneurship and employability as information communication technology ICT, agricultural entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship, evaluate entrepreneurship and employability and ways to stimulate entrepreneurship. Secondary data was used for the study. The findings of the study revealed that the various types of entrepreneurship among students of tertiary institutions information communication technology ICT, agricultural entrepreneurship were able to create some levels of employability for the students in various capacities. The paper recommended that government and private sectors must establish core agency to promote vast numbers of entrepreneurs, government should put more emphasis on various types of entrepreneurship and employability to reduce unemployment and poverty as well as increase self-reliance, ways to stimulate entrepreneurship and employability needed to secure self-employment for the populace.
Financial Technologies and Risk of Electronic Business activities in Howe, Gwer-East Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria
Cyber-attacks against businesses are on the rise globally, with severe consequences on individual`s and business organisations. Yet business owners often lack effective strategies to avoid these attacks. This study examine the influence of financial technologies on electronic business activities in Howe, Gwer-East Local Government Area Benue State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify types of financial technologies associated with electronic business activities, find out the benefits of financial technologies on electronic business activities, and to examine the risk factors of financial technologies on electronic business activities. The study adopts routine activity theory. The study employed cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 259 respondents using the Taro Yamane formula. Finding of the study showed that financial technologies is beneficial to business owners. However, the introduction of financial technologies in electronic business has led to fraud, cyber-attacks, and data breaches that have negatively impacted on electronic business activities. The study recommended among others for improved cyber-security of electronic enterprises that use financial technologies for their business activities. Also, there is need for stakeholders to expand internal and external monitoring of e-security practices of financial services providers and other financial services to secure safe and convenient business environment.
Traditional Practices and Social Well-being of Rural Women in Gwer East Local Government area Benue State, Nigeria
Traditional Practices (TPs) are shared perceptions of how people routinely behave in a culture. Some of these practices are beneficial to all members; others are harmful and consequential to specific groups, such as women. This study examined the traditional practices affecting the social well-being of rural women in Gwer East, Benue State. The specific objectives of the study were to: assess the effects of child preference and social well-being of rural women and ascertain the effect of nutritional taboos and social well-being of rural women in Gwer East Benue State. The study was anchored on the theory of reasoned action/ planned behaviour. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique to select 400 respondents. Data was collected through the instrument of the questionnaire and was analyzed using simple frequencies and percentages. The findings revealed that child preference; nutritional taboos have significant effects on the social well-being of rural women in Gwer-East LGA. The study concluded that traditional practices have significant effect on the health of rural women. The study therefore recommended community awareness to rural dwellers about the dangers associated with traditional practices that are detrimental to women. This will reduce to a greater extent the dehumanizing traditional practices directed against women in the study area.
Gender Disparities in African Labour Markets: The Sub-Saharan African Experience
The path to hasten progress in growth and development hinges upon several indicators. In many developed countries, among the associated factors is the reduction of gender gap in labour participation. Over the past few decades many developing countries have substantially narrowed such disparity. However, this remains high in many Sub-Saharan African societies. Thus, the consequences of high inequality in opportunities and its associated rewards are far-reaching and serve as inhibitors to the development of many African societies. Hence, reducing this gap has the potential to make the continent more vibrant and its institutions more resilient and responsive to development. This paper examines the implications of gender disparities and associated factors in African labour markets. Desk review was conducted to produce the paper. Findings revealed that women and men are disproportionately represented depending on a handful of factors; some of which are largely structural and sociocultural. While men suffer some forms of discrimination related to some employments stereotyped to be typically for women, women face far more noticeable forms of discrimination including that of value and wage. Generally, patriarchy, education and religion play important role in shaping economic opportunities for both men and women in Africa. Specifically, however, targeted discrimination in developing the capacity of girls limits and perpetuates the gender disparities in African labour market. Addressing these disparities structurally such as gender insensitive massive investment in human capital would largely aid progress towards growth and development in the continent.
Cultural Determinants Of Primary Healthcare Utilization Among Rural People Of Konshisha Local Government Benue State, Nigeria
This paper examined the cultural determinants of healthcare utilization among rural people of Konshisha LGA, Benue State, Nigeria. Health, it is argued, is a fundamental and basic need of the people globally. However, in most African societies, access to healthcare services is determined and infringed by the cultural aspect of each belief and practices. The study adopted a Three Delay Model framework (3DM), propounded by Thaddeus and Maine in 1994. The study employed cross sectional survey design, a total of 400 respondents were selected from five (5) council wards. The study used mixed method approach which is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Data collected through qualitative method was analyzed using manual content. Hypotheses was tested using Pearson Moment Correlation. The study confirmed that one of the key factor that hinders the utilization of healthcare services in Konshisha LGA is cultural beliefs and disease perception. The study concluded that, good health is a basic necessity among rural people and it is a fundamental objective of social and economic development. However, cultural beliefs among the rural people has limited the utilization of Primary Healthcare services. The study recommended that an educative sensitization campaign by govt. is paramount to change the people`s long held belief and tradition on healthcare utilization. Similarly, the misconception and the value systems embeds in the people’s culture and their conservativeness to the utilization of primary healthcare services needs to be modified through policy intervention for the wellbeing of the general public and improved life expectancy.
Elder Abuse in Benue State, Nigeria: Exploring the Multifaceted Determinants
Abuse of the elderly is a well-known social, economic, psychological, and public health problem that is pervasive across the globe. In developing nations such as Nigeria, the unprecedented number of elderly population has resulted in the growing tendency for elder abuse. In fact, evidence suggests that abuse of the elderly is common in Nigeria where the elderly suffer physical injuries, humiliation, financial devastation, depression, cognitive decline, and death. This paper examined the factors contributing to abuse of the elderly population in Nigeria. The focus was to examine economic factors contributing to the mistreatment of the elderly population in Benue State; assess the factors within the socio-cultural context of Benue State that contribute to abuse of the elderly; and ascertain the effects of abuse on the elderly in Benue State. The Situational Theory was adopted for the study. The paper demonstrates how poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions, social isolation, ageism, gender discrimination, normalization of violence as well as poor parenting and weak institutions contribute to abuse of the elderly in Benue State. It recommends government’s prioritization of the welfare of the elderly population by prompt payment of their salaries, pensions and gratuities, and sustained collaboration among stakeholders including the police and human rights organizations, elders and youth groups in sensitizing against prejudices, discrimination, and other negative practices against the elderly population in Benue State.
A Discourse on the Effects of Family Size and Family Structure on Girl Child Education in Nigeria
This paper explores the intricate web of family size, family structure, and their influence on the educational attainment of girl children. Recognizing education as a cornerstone of gender equality, we illuminate the challenges and disparities girl-child faces within varying family settings. Our central inquiry arises from the uneven impact of family dynamics on girls’ educational opportunities, and the critical need to address this imbalance to foster equitable access to education. Employing a review of existing literature, this paper meticulously draws from diverse secondary sources encompassing family demographics, literature records, and socio-cultural indicators across varied economic landscapes. Underpinned by the Ecological Systems Theory and the Resource Dilution Hypothesis, we illuminate the complex interplay between individual, family, and societal factors in shaping individual development. Our argument underscores the nuanced ways family dynamics influence girls’ educational trajectories. It reveals that larger families might face resource constraints, potentially diverting opportunities from girls, while smaller families could offer greater financial and individual attention, boosting their prospects. Similarly, family structures like polygamous and single-parent households pose unique challenges, interwoven with cultural norms and expectations that often devalue girls’ education. Conclusively, the paper proposes targeted interventions and policy changes to promote gender equality in education. Ultimately, unraveling the threads of family size and structure unveils the intricate dance between social forces and individual potential. Recognizing the diversity of girls’ experiences and tailoring interventions accordingly, we can weave a brighter future where every girl can access the transformative power of education and contribute to a more equitable society
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Strategies of Crime Control Adopted by Vigilante Groups in Benue State
Crime control agencies across the globe are saddled with the task of devising suitable, reliable and dependable strategies to checkmate crime. However, these devised strategies of crime control appeared not to have yielded the desired solution to crime problem. The objectives of the paper were to assess the effectiveness of vigilante groups’ crime control strategies in Benue State and suggest ways of improving the activities of vigilante groups in Benue State. The study adopted descriptive survey design. Three Local Government Areas – Vandeikya, Gboko, and Oju were selected across the three Senatorial districts in Benue State for the study. The population of the study was vigilante officers, religious leaders, traditional rulers and members of the public. Questionnaire and key informant interview (KII) were used to generate data from 367 respondents using Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. Twelve interviews (12) were conducted across the sampled Local Government Areas. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were employed for the selection of respondents and informants.Quantitative data were presented in frequency and percentages while qualitative data were presented in narrative form. The study findings revealed that vigilante groups adopted surveillance, street barricade, intelligence gathering and mediation as their strategies of crime control in Benue State. Findings revealed that crime control strategies adopted by vigilante groups were effective. The study recommends the following among others: enactment of laws recognizing vigilante groups; vigilante groups should be provided with the needed crime fighting equipment by stakeholders; activities of vigilante groups should be funded adequately; vigilante groups should be provided with logistics support as well as proper training of vigilante operatives for enhanced performances.
Causes And Consequences Of Divorce Among Ethnic Nationalities Of Nasarawa State Nigeria
Divorce is a concept that has gained attention in recent times due to growing spate of its occurrence around the world and in our society. A lot has been done to determine the extent of its impact in various societies, hut not much is known about its cause in Lafia metropolis. The aim of this paper was to find out the causes and consequences of divorce in the above mentioned area. It was found that poverty, lack of knowledge and sexual compatibility played a role in the occurrence of divorce and it came with high consequences. Some of the consequences are the effects on children, including depression and poor standard of living, consequence on women including economic implication and poor health and the consequence on society, including stress in kinship. It was recommended that education and enlightenment among other factors be provided to couples so as to help them cope with stressors that might make them seek for divorce from each other.
Insurgency And Counter-insurgency: The Need For Non Conventional Security Apparatus In Combating Terrorism In Nigeria
Nigeria has been battling insurgencies such as Boko Haram and Kidnappings, which have become a financial leak pipe and life-threatening to the nation. Many attempts at curbing the activities of the insurgents had proved difficult. This is evidenced in the statement of the former Nigeria Chief of Army Staff, Tukur Buratai, that "terrorism and terrorist groups could not be eliminated alone by the Military unless religious bodies and organisations in the country come to the forefront of the spiritual battle". This statement con be related to the nature of the crisis against conventional war for which the military was trained. Moreover, there are tendencies for the traditional, religious, and economic factors responsible for the problem. These and many other factors have led some affected regions like Borno State to resort to local vigilante. Holding to the argument of Parsons that people do cooperate based on social order, which comes from their valves and social actors that is based on voluntarism, this paper examines the effectiveness of local vigilante in combating insurgencies in Nigeria. However, throughout the country, the activities of the local vigilante towards community policing and social order may not be the technically most efficient. Still, their approach is necessary and appropriate in maintaining peace via the indigenous mechanisms of social control that may include African spiritualism. Therefore, the paper recommends a strong synergy between the conventional and non-conventional security organisations for comprehensive crime control and prevention in Nigeria.
Corruption And Whistle Blowing Policy In Nigeria: Gains And Challenges
One of the global best practices of anti-corruption and fraud is the whistle blowing adopted by different organization in an attempt to report anonymously wrongdoing in any organization or place of work to the appropriate authority for necessary aversion. Whistle blowing is an anticorruption policy in Nigeria which was launched in December, 2016 by the Federal Ministry of Finance and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). With this policy 2.5%- 5% incentives of the recovered fund will be given to the whistle blower. The policy encourages voluntary reporting of fraud, bribery, looted government funds, financial misconduct, government asset and any other forms or means of corruption to the government. The main thrust of this paper is to examine the gains and the challenges of the policy in fighting corruption in Nigeria. The study heavily relies on secondary sources of data from library and the internet. Further to this, social exchange theory was used as a theoretical frame of reference to link voluntary reporting of corruption with the reward attached to it. The paper recommended that the policy should be given legal backing to protect the whistle blower and Government should keep to their promises of given incentives to the blower for successful fighting corruption in Nigeria and beyond.
A Comparative Analysis Of Implementation Of Right To Moral Education In Juvenile Correctional Institutions in Benue And Lagos States Of Nigeria
The Child's Rights Act (CRA) of Nigeria in Part Il, Section 7 emphasizes that juveniles who have been adjudicated to terms in Juvenile Correctional Institutions (JCis) are entitled to the same quality of 'Right to moral education as their non-incarcerated peers. Indeed, criminological, sociological, international relations and social work findings revealed that provision of this right to juveniles in JCis is a good strategy to assist at-risk juveniles conform to conventional norms, become honest, just, accommodative, cooperative, distinguish between right and wrong, build good character and self-confidence, build moral values, reduce bad influences such as violence, agitations, abuse, disrespect and therefore, bring a reduction in crime rate. However, there are strong claims that this right is not provided in the JCIs in the 24 States out of the 36 States of Nigeria that domesticated the CRA. This study therefore, investigated the implementation of 'Right to moral education' in seven juvenile correctional institutions (JCis) in Benue and Lagos States of Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was used for the study and 1,082 persons from 18 - 65 years from the study areas provided data through the use of questionnaire for quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews were conducted for qualitative analysis. Findings revealed that this right is provided to a very large extent to juveniles in Lagos JCls but juveniles in Benue JCls are largely denied this right. It is recommended among others that right to moral education be provided to juveniles in Benue JCls and other States in Nigeria should emulate Lagos in provision of the right in JCls as enshrined in the law.
Intimate Partner Violence: A Repository Perspective Of Men In Kwara Central Nigeria
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex social problem, a major glabal concern, and an abstacie to good family relationship in the developing regions of the world, including Africa. Generally, IPV occurs in the private sphere of the family and poses serious risks to men in recent times. This study was prompted by the paucity of data to address the growing problem of IPV in Nigeria, particularly the narrow focus on men's experiences in the current state of knowledge. Thus this study examined the intimate partner violence against men in Kwara Central Nigeria. The study utilized quantitative research method and adopts a descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used for the selection of the respondents. Sample sizes of 400 married men were randomly selected for the study. The Yamane's statistical formula was adopted to determine the exact number of questionnaire that was used for the study. The data collected were statistically analyzed using simple percentages. The findings revealed that factors such as economic instability, infidelity, sexual incompatibility, poor marital communication and marital interference are the major factors responsible for IPV against men in Kwara Central Nigeria. It was also revealed that emotional distress, divorce or separation, injuries and death are the implications of IPV against men. The study recommends counselling for intending couples, sensitization of couples on the danger of IPV, strict punishment for iPV offender and reportage of any case of IPV against men to the authorities.
Motivations and Knowledge of the Consequences of Practicing Prostitution among Brothel Based Commercial Sex Workers in Kaduna Metropolis
Transactional sex is increasingly becoming a serious social and public health issue. Considering the health and psycho-social implications associated with the practice of prostitution, this study investigated the factors influencing female involvement in commercial sex and also examine their knowledge of the consequences of engaging in prostitution. Using questionnaire data was elicited from 390 female brothels based commercial sex workers selected from twelve (s 2) brothels spread in the four (4) LGAs that constitute Kaduna metropolis. The data obtained was analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages. The findings showed that poverty and peer influence were the dominant motivation for female involvement in commercial sex. Similarly, majority of the respondents (88.5%) indicated that they are aware that the practice of prostitution exposes them to risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, 88.3% and 71.5% of the respondents disclosed that engaging in commercial sex increases their vulnerability to violence and trafficking respectively. On the basis of these findings it is recommended that enlightenment campaigns aimed at educating commercial sex workers on the risks and dangers of associated with prostitution should be intensified. In addition, programs and policies which seek to empower commercial sex workers and equip them with the necessary skills that will enable them make a living should be promoted by government and civil society organizations.